Kayseri Castle Map And Location




Information About Kayseri Castle


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history
Kayseri has maintained its importance in every period of history and has been exposed to large invasions and occupations due to its geographical and strategic location.

Because of these characteristics of Kayseri, various tribes and states have taken many measures to defend this place. The most important of these measures is Kayseri Castle which is located in the city center today. Kayseri city walls and castle have a large area. First information about the walls of Kayseri Roman Emperor III. Coins belonging to the Gordian period (M.S. 238-244). From this information it is understood that the city walls were built on this date. The second information, VI. century belongs to the first half. Byzantine historian Procopius stated that the fortification wall, which was built in Kayseri, turned distant hills, gardens and pastures and that the houses of the city did not fill these places. it is displayed. According to these two documents and records, the city walls of Kayseri were first constructed in III. It was built in the mid-19th century. It was narrowed and repaired in the mid-century. There is no definite record as to which parts of the city walls belong to Rome and which belong to Byzantium. The fortress is the architecture of a period that historians call the Middle Ages with its later additions that have survived until today. XIV. century was built. There are two castles in the city center, the inner castle and the outer castle formed by the surrounding walls.

Outer Castle
In the historical outer castle of Kayseri, some parts are standing today, but many parts of it have been left in a condition to indicate their traces. Sivas Gate, Kiçikapı and Boyacı Gate are the names of the buildings. These organizations are extinct. Some rows of walls and bastions are still standing from a branch of the outer fortress extending from Cumhuriyet Square to west, towards Düvenönü. It is accepted that many parts of the walls and towers line extending to Boyacı Gate, Kiçi Gate and Dense bushing gate by making corners and turns to the east direction from Düvenönü corner bush are connected to the inner castle by passing through Sivas Gate and New Gate. However, as a result of recent research, the outer fortress walls turn west from the dense horoscope. Han Mosque. It is not known where he returned from here. There are different structures in the city walls and bastions of the outer part of the historical castle of Kayseri. The inner walls of the fortresses and towers extending from the inner castle towards Düvenönü and the Intense Horoscope are gradually established with feet, vaults and arched body walls. The walls, bushings and towers between Düvenönü and Dense Bushed doors are in the form of simple walls and massive body facilities. This form of construction also describes the structure and establishment of the outer castle beyond the Turkish Age. The walls of the outer fortress remain almost non-existent today. Therefore, not enough information is available.

Citadel
The inner castle is the inner part of the castle which stands as a castle in its own right and carries a wide range of assets. The inner castle was renovated in 1224 by Alaeddin Keykubad, one of the Seljuk sultans. There are also those who took the construction date of the fortress to the Byzantine period. Since the establishment of the city, which has a high commercial identity, the occupation armies stood at Kayseri in almost every period since the traders and rich people lived.

The castle was the definitive solution to these attacks. It is said that about 600 families lived in the castle where the people of Kayseri lived for many years. There were several neighborhoods in the castle during this period. The castle is 800 meters from north to south and 200 meters from east to west. There are 19 signs. The patrol road passes under these signs. The inner castle has two gates, one to the northeast and the other to the south-west facing the Kazancılar Bazaar. However, a third door was opened from the section facing Cumhuriyet Square due to the construction inside. There were water ditches on the outer periphery of the castle, but in recent years these ditches have been filled to become a green area. Kayseri is in a flat area due to its geographical structure, and the castle should be in a slightly higher part within this plain. In the inner city of Kayseri, in the case of high tower, Dizdarlık facility can be found in the middle area surrounded by the castle. As a result of the extensive changes made in the Turkish Age, the fortifications and towers of the castle and the gate towers were increased to the extent required. Today the structure is in a solid state. The castle, which was assumed to have been built during the Byzantine period, was restored during the time of the Anatolian Seljuk State and during the reign of Alaeddin Keykubad I. Later, it was repaired and used in Karamanoğulları and Ottomans. The Inner Castle was used as a vegetable market in the 1950s, then small shops were built on the inside and allocated to artisans and opened for trade.

South Gate
There is a loophole in front of the southern gate to prevent the attack. In the door seating plan; rather than a castle gate, it is a han or bazaar gate. It has the characteristics of Turkish Age in the style of Building and Architecture. The floor sits in a thick structure. In front of the entrance, there is a deep niche with high arches. This niche is not reassuring for front door protection. There is a Persian inscription in two lines on a marble block above the door.

East Gate
It is a gate showing a mixed plan close to the eastern and southern corners of the inner castle. In the Turkish construction age, this side of the inner castle was enriched and artfully connected to the outer city by making architectural additions. In the general plan, between the bushings 10 and 11, there are two entrances opened to two row body walls. The inner entrance is of the old type and shows the Byzantine structure character. This inner gate is located between the sign (10) in the north and the sign (11) in the south. The second outward opening (Middle Inlet) is located near the middle of the two bushings to connect the front bushings. This door shows the characteristics of the Turkish building age.

Inner Castle Bushings
Some sources indicate that the number of bastions of the castle is 18 and some 19. It is accepted that there are 18 horoscopes according to the notes taken from the sources of Mahmut Akok and Ali Yeğen. There are 18 rectangular bastions on the inner castle and its side walls and corners. These signs are generally in good condition today. The patrol road passes beneath the towers leaning against the walls which are 3 meters wide. If most of the signs are based on the foundations of the old signs, some of them are completely re-established according to the calculations. The body walls, on the other hand, are completely new arrangement remnants. Some of the lattices of the old (ie Byzantine) period are seen in the lower stone rows of the East and North directions. Almost all of the dancers on Badenler were renovated in the Turkish construction age.

Burc Number One is located in the west-south corner of the inner plan of the fortress. It maintains its former Byzantine period structure. The surrounding walls at the top of the sign are the old foundation structure. The floor compartments were made as flooring on thick tree beams. This feature is completely Turkish construction age.

Number Two Bushing This is the construction of the Turkish Building Age. Inside, a triangular bastion from the old Byzantine era was left as the back wall. The interior has a large space. It was understood from the beams of the beams on the surrounding walls that the floor sections were wood-frame.

The upper dendane rows and the twitching areas behind them are intact. There are masonry stair steps leading from the ground floors to the upper floor and the floor with a floor.

Number Four Bushing This tower sign is a Turkish Age structure from the foundation to the hill dendels. It has a spacious interior. Today, it has been repaired by Kayseri Municipality and the floor of the floor with dendan was made as concrete arme. It is estimated that the floor pavements, which used to be four floors, were wood-frame. In this tower, the inner castle, east, south corner (number 11), like the bushing inward-facing face is made with the wall closed.

Bushing Number Five Two of the three towers lined between towers 4 and 8 are in the same direction as the ones 5 and 7 in the northern direction of the inner castle. (Sign no. 7 has changed the municipality in recent years and turned it into a ball shooting place). Although the bush 5 rests on a rectangular base, the tops have a polygonal face and plan. The entire body of this horoscope is characteristic of the Turkish building age.

Eight Horoscope This tower, which is located on the corner of the north wall and the eastern oblique wall, is in the frame of an external square plan. It is still standing with its size and solid posture.

The lower floors of the sign show completely old building features. The upper levels are of Turkish building age. The face stones of the old masonry walls are larger than the ones made in the Turkish Age.

Bush Number Nine This base, located in the middle of the eastern wall of the inner castle, is seen as the old building with its foundation and the ground floor. The upper part of the lower part is braided with stone vaults. From the top of the vault, the additional and new establishment of the Turkish Building Age begins.

Number 11 Bushing must be established in relation to the entrance of the rebuilt gate and to this part of the Turkish building. Inward behind it is a crenellated part of the old age corner sign and is used as a back wall.

The body walls, which are raised to the top, are installed on all sides. The inner floor partitions are made of wood. From the level where the thick body walls surrounding the inner castle have walked, the sign is also entered through a door. The upper floors have loopholes with emphasis on the east and south directions. The staircase that reaches the top floor is placed in the wall, as is the stepping stone, and there is a need for wood staircases between the paved floors. This corner sign is also held high as a tower compared to the other signs.

Bushing Number 12 It is one of the largest bushings of the southern face protection wall. On the ground floor and part of the middle floor wall are the remains of the old building. The toothed gratings of the middle floor emphasizing three directions are the structure of the Turkish Age. The body level and parts of the upper floor represent the Turkish structure completely.

Thirteen to Seventeen Bushes Lined up on the southern body wall, the top floors of these five bastions are covered with stone vaults. Almost all of them are Turkish building age buildings. The inward-facing parts of the floors falling above the thick body level are open and without walls. The floor sections are wood-beamed. It was found during the sounding that there were formerly triangular Byzantine bastions in the part where the bushings lined up side by side.

Inscriptions on the Castle
No inscriptions belonging to the pre-Turkish period were found in the inner fortress and walls. It is understood from the remains that the place called at horse square bulun which is located in the north direction of the inner castle was also surrounded by a city wall. The inscription of four lines on a wall left from these walls in the place where the military warehouse is located today is as follows: It was completed in 621 (1224) in the period.

Although this text does not explain what this inscription belongs to, such as bu this castle veya or kule tower ve and küçük small fortress ", it is sufficiently explained that it is about repairing or extending the castle.

In another inscription belonging to the era of Sultan Alaeddin Keykubad, it is on the sign outside the castle and facing the place called horse square. Written in two lines with the Seljuk line, there is neither history nor much information. It can be said that Alaeddin Keykubad lived in Kayseri most of the time and that he had it repaired in the castle. There is an inscription of 0.50x0.50 meters in Arabic on the inside of the eastern second gate of the inner castle. In this inscription read by M. Çayırdağ, kad Dulkadiroğlu Nasıreddin Mehmed's son Emir Hüsamî Hasan was made by the year 814 ”writes. The destroyed few words of this inscription could not be read. "H. 814 / M.1411" in the hands of the Dulkadiriler Kayseri Castle Dulkadiroglu Nasireddin Mehmed 's son was repaired by Hasan Bey. Karamanoğulları belonging to the period of the inner fortress opened on the south side of the two-line inscription written on the marble slab, Persian and in 1466, the castle of the 2nd Mehmet 's Karamanoğlu Piramet' s repair is seen. The marble slab with the second inscription is in the south east tower. Inscription: “Murad Khan's son Mehmed built this blessed castle. Architect Yahya ”and the inscription is likely to be incomplete.

At the end of the 0.75x0.60 meter Arabic four-line inscription to the west of the southern gate of the inner fortress, a portion of it was destroyed. Inscription: "The Turks in the Dalâlet, such as the destruction of the Kaaba and the people of Kayseri Castle invaded. The great son of David, Sheikh Chalabi," silencing the forgiveness of the error of his people silenced "(Koran 3-134) ... was repaired in time. May God perpetuate his property ... Demir, son of Saint Sheikh Chalabi ... "is written. According to this, Sheikh Çelebi, son of David, took Kayseri back from what he stated as an occupier and had it repaired. She was also assisted by Demir, the son of Sheikh Chalabi. Karamanoğlu Mehmed must be written on the missing part of the inscription.

Kale Mosque-i Sharif
The text inside the castle, called the inner castle, is a mosque. The building was built on a dome with four arches and it is registered as ”Fatih Mosque-i Şerifi esinde under the administration of evkaf. The castle was built by Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror in the 15th century. It was built with the edict of Fatih Sultan Mehmed himself under the supervision of Gedik Ahmed Pasha. When Kayseri Castle passed from Karamanoğulları to the Ottomans in 1467, there was a ruined masjid named ”Karamanoğlu Mescid-i Şerif-i yerine instead of a mosque. Accordingly, the construction date of the mosque coincides with the last quarter of the 15th century. The mosque was later repaired in 1711, 1778, 1886 and finally in 1990.

Building Ages of Kayseri Castle
Kayseri, the historical inner castle consists of two main phases.

First Period: Kayseri was founded with the establishment of the Middle Ages (Byzantine). While it was a facility for military purposes in the first establishment, some innovations were considered in the inner castle with the expansion of the city.

Second Period: It completely covers the Turkish sovereign ages. In the age of Anatolian Seljuk State, a wide change was not considered in the facilities of Kayseri city. The debris recovered during the hand changes were repaired and some minor changes were made according to the new request. In the Turkish building era, the outer fortress and the purpose of using the fortress changed and the outer city waters were partially neglected and the inner fortress was strengthened as a place of security in itself as in the Anatolian cities and towns. Anatolian Seljuks' s sovereignty in the era of many historical cultural monuments are located outside the city walls by seeing that the city is not enough to settle in that age understand.

 


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takvim 14/07/2019
category History
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