Sinop Tourist Map With Attractions Visiting Places

Sinop (Hittite: Sinuw the Greek: Σινώπη / Sinope), located in the central part of Turkey's Black Sea province of Sinop region is in the center of the city. It is located at the junction of Boztepe Cape on the Black Sea coast. Sinop Castle is the most interesting place of the city in terms of history and tourism.

The science of origin

The oldest name of Sinop in the Paflagonya region in ancient times is Sinop. According to a legend, the city was named after the same Amazon, which is considered the founder of the name. According to another myth, the city was founded in ancient Greece Sinope, the nymph daughter of Asopos, the god of the river. The myths are dated to the 5th - 4th and 3rd years BC and the head of Sinope is seen on the coins of the same period. No matter what myth is adopted, it is certain that Sinope is the founder of the city. However, if Sinope is a nymph, the city is being visited by Greek colonists; Amazon is; It should be established by the indigenous peoples of Anatolia. This dilemma has not been solved to some extent by linguistic studies: Sin or Sind, which is alien to its etymology, is found mostly in Pontus, Eastern Anatolia, Iran and India. This suggests that Sinope may have come from the native Anatolian languages. The famous ancient geography Strabo, as the founder of the city, shows the Otolikos of the Argonauts and writes that he conquered the city and founded a Greek colony. The concept of ele conquest of the city ortaya reveals that before the colonization, an indigenous people lived in the city. After the development mentioned by Strabo, the city of Sinope was colonized once by the Miletus in the 7th years BC. The city was settled during Habrındas of Miletus, Koos and Krenitas respectively. All these myths and historical events reveal that Sinop was founded by indigenous people in the early ages, followed by a Greek colony in relation to the mythical Argonaut expedition, and finally the Miletus founded a colony there. The oldest name of the region, which includes Sinop, was "The Country of Kaşka". The region was located in the lands of Kashkas, which were contemporary with the Hittite Empire Period. The small Ara Arauanna Country içindeki within the borders of this country was also located in Sinop region.

history

The inner harbor to the south of the peninsula was the most important harbor of the southern Black Sea with its closed winds and calm sea. Because of these characteristics, it was named as "Mediterranean". Throughout history, a busy port life and shipyard activity took place in this port. Until the 19th century, a large part of the city walls remained completely up to date and its ruins can be reconstructed. While the development of the city was continuously towards east, towards Boztepe Cape, there were no other settlements except for Akliman in the north and a few minority settlements in the Anatolian direction. The eastern peninsula is increasingly steep, reaching a height of 187 meters on the hill Hıdırlık and finally surrounded by steep cliffs in the direction of the sea. In this case, it is impossible to seize the city from the sea side and from the basin.

Sinop, which has had a bright and intense commercial and cultural life since ancient times, maintained this quality under the rule of the Eastern Roman Empire, the Great Seljuk Empire, the Candaroğulları and the Ottoman Empire, and also became one of the most important military bases of the region with its castle and shipyard. The city began to lose its status after the Sinop Raid and emerged with minority settlements in the southeast direction outside the city walls and public services settlements such as administration and education towards the west.

The settlement date of Sinop Province began with the first Bronze Age. Founded as a Hellenic colony in the 7th century BC, Sinop was the most important city of the Black Sea in ancient times. In the Hellenistic period, Amasya, the capital of the Pontus State, who wanted to combine the native cultures of Anatolia with the Hellenistic and Persian cultures, moved to Sinop. During the Byzantine period, the region became Hellenized in language and culture under the influence of Orthodox Christianity.

In 1972, Sinop was included in the second priority provinces in development. The first large-scale industrial enterprise is the Ayancık Timber Factory. Other important industrial organizations are Bottle Glass Factory, Flour Industry, Söksa, Underwear Knitting and Apparel Co. and brick and tile factories in soil industry. Unfortunately, most of these factories are now closed or moved. However, crafts are also famous in Sinop. Ayancık linen, Boyabat circle weaving, wooden cottage model making and wooden hand embroidery are the oldest handicrafts in Sinop.

The first library was in 1924. It was founded under the leadership of Rıza Nur and he gave the library his name.

Prehistoric
Sinop is in the region called "Paflagonya" in the early ages. It played an important role in maritime trade between the northern coasts of Anatolia and the Crimean peninsula. It is an important natural harbor.

In 1953, excavations were carried out in Kocagöz Höyük (mostly excavated beneath the remains of ancient buildings and artefacts, a broad and deeply earthed hill.) And the surveys carried out by the Museum Directorate in 1987 and 1988, the prehistoric periods were brought to light. .

Excavations at the Karagöz mound yielded finds from the 1st Bronze Age period (3000-2700 BC). The material found shows the relationship between Sinop, the Balkans and Central Anatolia.

As a result of the survey, many prehistoric settlements were found in the vicinity. These settlements are spread along the coast, at the mouths of the river and along the river valleys towards the inner parts. The material recovered is generally dated to the EBA 1 and EBA 2. However, two settlements dating to the Early Chalcolithic Age (4500 BC) were identified in the Kabali creek valley. Today, the oldest settlement in the vicinity of Sinop has been identified as the Kabali stream valley. At the beginning of the EBA 2 the mounds were abandoned by a terrible fire. There is no settlement after the mounds.

Hittite period
During the excavations carried out between 1952-1954, no works were found to document the Hittite period in Sinop. Hittite texts mention the existence of Gashka tribes in the Black Sea, but no finds have been recovered in the Sinop region so far.

During the survey, only Hittite material (1800 BC) was found in Köşkhöyük, a single Gerze district. However, no material belonging to the Hittite Empire period was found. After that, materials belonging to 756 can be found. (2700-1800 BC), (1800 - 756 BC | 756 BC) There is no information about the coastline of Sinop.

1000s BC
The immigrants who left Miletus in 756 BC and wanted to establish a new city came to the city and laid the foundation of today's Sinop and called it Sinope. "According to the legend, the goddess Sinope is the daughter of the river god. Zeus falls in love with Sinope. He promises to do whatever he wishes. Sinope wants him not to touch his maidenness. God adheres to his oath. He comes to where Sinop is today."

Later, in 630 BC, a second colony (colony, immigrant community, or settlement) settled in Sinop. It is estimated that the city walls were probably built during the colonized periods.

At the beginning of the 7th century BC Sinop was invaded by the Cimmerians who came to Anatolia from the north and the Persians who came from Iran in the middle of the 6th century BC.

Hellenistic period
The Paflagonian people declared their independence in the first half of the 4th century BC. Ariarathes I, who knew the opportunity of Alexander the Great to enter Anatolia in 332 BC, declared his independence in Cappadocia and took Sinop under his rule. In 302 BC, Mitridat Ktistes established a strong state (an entity composed of an independent country and its administration) by bringing together the principalities that were scattered in Paflagonia. Then ll. VI. Mithridates and his son Farnak dominated Sinop. Mitridate Flapeton was the head of the state in 169 BC. Mitridat Flapaton made Sinop flourishing (worked for its development and infrastructure) and brought its capital from Amasya to Sinop.

Sinop's brilliant period was during the reign of Mitridat Fatpator. Mitirdat, which dominated the whole Black Sea, established a great empire by throwing it out of Anatolia in the Romans, but moved the capital from Sinop to Pergamum.

The Hellenistic period was the brightest period of Sinop and great importance was given to culture during this period.

Roman period
In 70 BC the Roman Empire reorganized these lands that it had occupied. He divided the Pontus Kingdom into two parts starting from Kızılırmak and gave the administration of the eastern part to the local dynasties and made the western part directly the state of the state.

The transition of Sinop to Roman rule was an important turning point in history. Especially during the time of Julius Caesar (first of all, first of all), apart from financial aid, new Roman colonies were sent to the city to expand and grow.

Byzantine period
After the Roman Empire was divided into two, Sinop, which remained on the territory of Eastern Rome, gradually began to shrink. During this period of Christianity, trade and culture in the city declined due to religious events. The most important Byzantine monument built in Sinop during this period is the Balatlar Church.

Conquest of Sinop and Seljuk period
In 1204, during the Fourth Crusade, Istanbul was conquered (forcibly taken) and when the Byzantine Empire fell apart, Sinop remained in the hands of the Trabzon State. The Trabzon State, which gave taxes to the Seljuks who settled in Central Anatolia, cut the tax by making use of an internal uprising of the Seljuks and started to oppress and rape the people of Sinop.

Upon the complaint of the people of Sinop to Konya, Sultan Izzeddin Keykavus sent orders to all provincial governors of the province to participate in the war. Tekfur, who was hunting with 500 horsemen near Sinop, who was not aware of both the preparation and the departure of the army that set out with a great force, was raided, and the captured Tekfur was brought in front of the castle and asked to surrender Sinop 3 days later.

The people who didn't want to surrender before handed over the keys to the Seljuks on 3 October 1214, provided that Tekfur was not killed, no one was killed and everyone could go anywhere. Instead of the old church in Sinop, Alaeddin Mosque was converted into a mosque in 1214.

Turkish administration
In Sinop, which was completely reconstructed after the Seljuk rule, first the Pervaneoğulları Principality / Pervaneoğulları and then Candaroğulları continued their Turkish rule.

When the Anatolian principalities began to join the Ottoman Empire, which began to develop and grow in the 15th century, Candaroğlu declared his loyalty to the Ottomans in İsmail Bey, and thus Sinop came under the rule of the Ottoman Empire.

Shipbuilding in the shipyard in Sinop, which was used as a port city, continued during this period.

During the Ottoman-Russian wars of 1853, the city was burned with cannon shots and after this date, the city shrank and withdrew into the castle.

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who set out to go to Samsun with Bandırma Ferry, stopped by Sinop Port on May 18, 1919 to cross Anatolia, but continued his journey by ship because there was no highway between Sinop and Samsun at that time.

In fact, Ataturk said that he liked Sinop very much and stated that "what would have been the beauty of Sinop was in Ankara".

Sinop was attached to the Canik Liva with its headquarters in Samsun as an administrative organization. After the declaration of the Tanzimat, it became a starboard for Kastamonu.