Kastamonu Tourist Map With Attractions Visiting Places

Kastamonu, also known as the city of saints, is one of the oldest cities in Anatolia. There are many historical monuments from the ancient and Turkish-Islamic periods. Kastamonu Castle, Atabey Mosque, Sheikh Saban-i Veli Mausoleum, Yanik Sultan Mausoleum, Nasrullah Mosque, clock tower and many other historical monuments are available. Mahmut Bey Mosque, which was constructed as a structure without studs, is also here. Kastamonu in Turkey in the city center also opened the first "City History Museum" is located.

Kastamonu Clock Tower, Sultan II. It was built by Abdurrahman Nureddin Pasha, one of the Governors of Kastamonu, in 1884-1885 on the slope located in the east of the city during the reign of Abdulhamid. The clock of the tower was also brought from Europe.

The drawing halva made in Kastamonu is famous throughout the country.

Etymology
There are many ideas about the derivation of the name Kastamonu;

According to one view, the city of Kastamonu was named after Kastama, which was used for the same region during the Hittite period. The name Kastama became Kastamonu in time.

According to another view, the city of Kastamonu is named after the combination of the words Gas and Tumanna. Gaslar, also known as Kaşkalar, was one of the first settlers of Kastamonu. Tumanna is a city / region name on Kastamonu at that time. The combination of these two words took the form of Kastamonu over time.

According to a third opinion, the city of Kastamonu is named after the combination of the words Kastra and Komnen. The word Kastra means "fortress" in Latin. Komnens, on the other hand, are a Byzantine dynasty and settlers of this region during the Byzantine period. These two words took the form of Kastamonu over time.

history
Prehistoric
As a result of the researches conducted in Kastamonu between 1947 and 1948, a flint tool was found around Gölköy Institute and it was learned that this tool dates back to the Middle Paleolithic period. [4]

As a result of the research conducted in 1951, around the villages of Tahta and Malak; Historical findings of the Musterian (Mousterian) and Upper Palaeolithic were found.

In the same years, İsmail Kılıç Kökten encountered obelisks in the Axis area of ​​Devrekani (now around Kulaksızlar Dam) as a result of his trips, but he could not find any remains to be dated. However, pottery of the Copper Age was found in the northwest of the region.

Kaskians
Kashkas, (Gašga, Kašga, Kaška in Hittite texts; Kškš in Ramses II inscriptions, māt Kašku in Assyrian sources, Sargon annals), Ugarit language in the period when the Hittites ruled in Anatolia, the most powerful nations of the song, Egyptians, it has always had political, commercial relations with the Hittites, and even for many years it was a tribe that had made them accept their national assets and forces. With the end of the Hittite Empire around 1200 BC, the opportunity to descend south for Kashkas was born. According to the new Assyrian sources, the lands dominated by Kashkas stretched to Mushki in the west, Urartu in the east and Tabal in the south.

Hittites
There was no period when the Hittites ruled around Kastamonu. This region has changed hands depending on the state of power of Kashkas and Hittites. Since the Kashkas lived a semi-resident life, it was not possible for the Hittites to take over this region completely. However, many Hittites pottery was found in Kastamonu.

After the Hittites, the Phrygian and Lydian Kingdoms were dominated by the Persians in the 4th century BC. In the 4th century BC, Alexander the Great added Kastamonu to Anatolia with Anatolia.

Paflagonyalı on
The borders of the region called Paflagonya are surrounded by Kızılırmak in the east, Sakarya River in the west, Phrygia and Galatia in the south. To the north is the Black Sea. According to Strabo, the Parthenius River drew the western border of the region, and the East had the Halys River. Today Kastamonu, Sinop, Bartın, Çankırı and Karabük are located in this region, while a portion of Çorum, Bolu, Zonguldak and Samsun remain within the region.

The Paflagonians are mentioned in the Iliad Epic. Some parts are:
'' ... Male-hearted Pylaimenes command the Paphlagonians ... ''
'' ... At that time they hunted Ares' equivalent Pylaimenes, the leader of the brave warriors Paphlagonians ... ''
(When Pylaimenes' son died) '' ... The great Paphlagons of the great hearts fell around, put them in the car, took them to the holy Ilyon ... ''
Roman Period (1st century-5th century)
The Pontus Kingdom, which conquered the region after Alexander the Great, was destroyed by the Romans in the 1st century BC. Kastamonu, which remained within the borders of the Roman Empire for many years, joined the Byzantine Empire like all Anatolia with the division of the Empire in 395 AD.

Byzantine period (395-1227)
Today it is located in the region called Paflagonya (Pophlagonia) in the name of the Romans, including Kastamonu and its surrounding provinces.

During the Roman period when Taşköprü (Paphlagonia) became the state center, Kastamonu was a small town and the city was called Timonion in Roman times.

Kastamonu province and its vicinity In the 10th century, the Byzantine emperor II. It was given by Basileios under the control of Thracian general Manuil Erotikos Komnenos. When Komnenos successfully defended the city of Nicaea against the emperor Bardas Scleros in 978, he attracted the emperor's attention. Komnenos was the father of Isaacos Komnenos I, who later became the Byzantine emperor. The Komnenos Dynasty, founded by his son, ruled Byzantium and the Trabzon Empire until its collapse.

Period of the Principality of Çobanoğulları (1227-1309)
Kastamonu remained under the Byzantine rule until the 13th century and came under the rule of Çobanoğulları Principality established by Hüsamettin Çoban by gathering the Turkmen communities in the region between 1227-1309. After Hüsamettin Çoban, his son Alp Yörük was replaced by his grandson Yavlak Arslan. Çobanoğlu Yavlak Arslan was killed in 1292 because he was involved in the Anatolian Seljuks' throne fight. His son Mahmut Bey succeeded him.

The Anatolian Seljuk State, which reigned in Anatolia at that time, was fighting the Ilkhanians. The Seljuk Sultan who captured the Mongols II. Temur Yaman Candar was rescued from Gıyaseddin Mesud candarlar. Thereupon, Sultan Temur Yaman gave Candar the region of Kastamonu. However, the region was still in the hands of the Shepherds at that time.

The Period of Candaroğulları Principality (1309-1461)
After the death of Temur, his son Candaroglu Suleyman Pasha took over the city of Kastamonu in 1309 and ended the Cobanoglu Principality. Living under the control of the Seljuk Sultan II. When Masoud died in 1308, Suleyman Pasha ruled the region for a while. When İlhanlı ruler Abu Said Bahadır died in 1335, İlhanlı came out of his control.

Candaroglu Suleyman Pasha, Safranbolu and had captured Sinop. Candaroğulları gave importance to maritime and had built a shipyard in Sinop. Süleyman Pasha gave the rule of Sinop to his son Ibrahim I and Safranbolu to his young son Ali. After the death of Süleyman Pasha, his sons fought for the rule of the Candaroğlu Principality. Ibrahim conquered Kastamonu in 1339 and conquered the administration. When Ibrahim Bey died in 1346, his cousin Adil succeeded him. When Adil Bey died in 1361, he was succeeded by his son Ködürüm Bayezid. Bayezid fought twice with Kadi Burhaneddin, who ruled the Sivas region.

In 1383, Bayezid II, the son of the Ottoman Sultan, supported by Murat II. He lost Kastamonu in his battle with Solomon. Bayezid left Kastamonu and settled in Sinop, thus Candaroğulları Principality was divided into two. Crippled Bayezid died in 1385 and was succeeded by his son Isfendiyar Bey.

Kastamonu was ruled by Candaroğlu II. During the reign of Süleyman the Ottoman Sultan II. He was tied to Murat. He participated in the Ottoman campaigns in 1386 and 1389 with his soldiers. Bayezid I, who succeeded Sultan Murat, was not as peaceful as his father. In 1391, he organized an expedition to Kastamonu. Candaroğlu II. Suleyman was killed and Candaroglu ruled in Kastamonu.

Meanwhile, Candaroglu, who reigned in Sinop, declared his loyalty to the Ottomans on the condition that Sinop was left to him, avoiding a clash with the Ottomans. Thus, Candaroğullari Principality continued in Isfendiyar Bey branch in Sinop.

Before the Battle of Ankara (1402), İsfendiyar Bey met Timur, the founder of the Timur Empire and attached to him. Kastamonu, Kalecik, Tosya, Samsun and Bafra'yı Çankırı taking the principality to its widest limits

During the Battle of Yildirim Bayezid in Ankara, Timur was defeated and captured. The throne fight between Yildirim Bayezid's sons Emir Suleyman, Isa Celebi, Musa Celebi and Celebi Mehmet began. Isfendiyar Bey tried to benefit from the fight during this process. The disintegrating Ottoman unity was restored in 1413 by Mehmet I (Çelebi Mehmet). He established good relations with Mehmed I, the victor of this struggle. In 1417, Karaman (1415-16) and Wallachia (1416-17) sent auxiliary forces under the command of his son Kasım Bey. This time, Kasim Bey, rebelled against his father, who wanted to leave the principality to his other son Hizir Bey, took refuge in the Ottomans.

Isfendiyar Bey had to give Tosya, Çankırı and Kalecik to his son Kasım Bey, who was supported by Mehmed I, after the death of Mehmed I (1421). He took these places back by taking advantage of the throne fights between Murad and princes. In the autumn of the same year II. When Murad sent a force on him, he fled to Sinop and asked for peace.

When the Ottoman internal fights intensified again, Taraklı proceeded to Borlu (today Safranbolu). But in 1423, the management of the II. Murad was defeated in the Borlu Borda and asked for peace. The administration of Kastamonu and Küre-i Nuhas (today Globe) was left to him under the condition of sending soldiers and paying taxes to the Ottomans every year. In 1425, his grandson Hatice (Halime) Hatun II. He tried to settle the dispute with the Ottomans through marriage by giving it to Murad. In the following years, he fulfilled all the conditions, adhering to the treaty.

İsfendiyar Bey died in 1439 and his son Candaroğlu II. Ibrahim Bey passed. After İbrahim Bey's death in 1443, his son İsmail Bey succeeded him. Ibrahim Bey's other son Candaroglu (Kizil) Ahmed Bey opposed his older brother Ismail Bey, who became the head of the principality after his father's death, but when he failed, he took refuge in the Ottomans.

Period of the Ottoman Empire (1461-1922)
In 1461, Fatih Sultan Mehmet went to Trabzon Expedition to unite Anatolian Principalities. Kizil Ahmed who participated in the campaign with Fatih captured Sinop. Fatih, the Ottoman Empire to stay and pay 50,000 duka gold in exchange for the tax in the region in support of Kizil Ahmed appointed Sinop principality.

Fatih, seized Kastamonu after the return of the Trabzon campaign and wanted to appoint Kizil Ahmed as the governor of Peloponnese. Kizil Ahmed did not go to his post and fled to Karamanoglu Ibrahim Bey via Bolu. Karamanoğlu İbrahim, who was afraid of the Ottomans, took refuge in Akkoyunlu Uzun Hasan when he did not protect him. Uzun Hasan gave land to Kizil Ahmed, whom he thought he could use against the Ottomans, under the protection of Van Lake. Kizil Ahmed participated in the Karaman campaign of Uzun Hasan in 1464 with 500 fighters. II. Bayezid was forgiven in time and was given to him as Bolu sanjak dirlik. Kizil Ahmed joined the Modon campaign in 1500 and died in Plovdiv, given to him as a timar.

The inclusion and development of the shipyard established by Candaroğulları in Sinop added power to the Ottoman Navy. The copper quarries in the Küre district of Kastamonu were utilized for the production of artillery of the Ottoman Empire before the Beylik was annexed to the Ottoman Empire.

During the period of Candaroğlu, copper and iron mines in Kastamonu and region were operated and loaded from Sinop, one of the most important ports of the Black Sea, and sold through Genoese and Venetian merchants. The Candaroğulları used copper coins, which had two fish on it and were written by Dârü's-saâde-i Sinop (Sinop Palace). Most of the baths, caravanserais, inns, mosques and madrasahs found in Kastamonu were built during this period.

Kastamonu remained under Ottoman rule from 1461 to 1922. Kastamonu remained in Bolu Province for a long time and was governed by the Bolu Sanjak. It was turned into the center of the province by Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent.

Republican Period
Kastamonu was the most reliable region in terms of logistic support during the National Struggle. Food, clothing, money, ammunition and weapons were sent to Ankara via Kastamonu starting from İnebolu via the road called İstiklal Yolu. And the War of Independence is the province that sends the most soldiers to the front.

Kastamonu, which has never been invaded by the enemy after the Turkish sovereignty, is one of the provinces that gave the highest number of martyrs in the Battle of Çanakkale and Independence. The famous "Çanakkale Folk Song" belongs to the lovers of Kastamonu.

After the proclamation of the Republic, Atatürk made a 9-day Kastamonu trip between 23 and 31 August 1925. During this trip, he explained the costume and dress revolution, which is known as the Hat Revolution in İnebolu.

The Tosya-Ladik earthquake in the region in 1943 cost 4,000 people. Kastamonu poet-writer Rıfat Ilgaz, who personally lived the 7.2-magnitude earthquake that caused great destruction in the region, described the horrors of the earthquake in his poem called Tosya Zelzelesi with the strings of "milk in the breast of a woman who breastfeeded her child".

Kastamonu Sugar Factory was established in 1963 and brought great vitality to the economy in the province.