Trabzon Tourist Map With Attractions Visiting Places

Trabzon province and twenty-ninth most populous city in Turkey.
Etymology
In Greek mythology, it is believed that Trapezeus, the son of Lycaon, gave his name to his namesake in Arcadia, Trabzon was also named after this mythological hero, and the city was named after the Greek tradition of toponomy.
The fact that Evliya Çelebi tried to explain this name, which has a 2500-year history, in the 17th century with the Turkish folk etymology ”Tuğra-bozan“ conception, was taken seriously by some circles.
Hamilton attached the appearance of Boztepe, rising on steep slopes to the south-east of the city, but with the support of the "table" drawing on the ancient Trabzon coins, claiming that the city was called Trapezus "table" because of its vision.
Özhan Öztürk claims that the name of Trabzon, the port city where the slaves brought from the Laz's ancestors, Kolhis and the Caucasus, was transported to the mainland of Greece, might be related to the metaphorical use of Trapezus in the ancient Greek texts, which may be related to the platform flat platform sold as slaves ”(Aristotle. Fr. 874). Ozinis, the other name of the city, referred to by Bijishkian, said Laz means "flatness."

history

Archaeological excavations and surface surveys carried out in various periods in the region during the Chipped Stone (Lower Paleolithic period) Acheulien and Mousterien type (hand axes, scrapers, chip tools), Middle Stone Age (Mesolithic) caves belonging to the Chalcolithic Age settlement traces. In the Bronze Age, the existence of a warrior people feeding the pigs named Kashkas on the Black Sea coast and cultivating hemp is reported in the Hittite sources.

ancient ages
According to Eusebius, although the foundation date of the city was 756 BC, this claim makes Trabzon an older city than Sinop which carried out the colonization of Trabzon and other Eastern Black Sea according to the general opinion. If this is true, the Sinopians must have re-colonized an existing city after 630 BC.

Anabasis'te "Pontos Euksenios this city on the coast of Sinope'in the ancestors of the Laz in the country of Kolhis Kolhis" expression was later confirmed by Arrian and Peripleus.

The city of Trabzon was first mentioned by the Athenian Xenophon who saw the city in 400 BC. The center of the Greeks in the surrounding villages of today's Laz (Tzanlar) ancestors of the Kolhislilerin and lived in Trabzon, ancient times and later through the Zigana passage through Armenia and Euphrates trade goods produced in the trade center and was sold to foreign countries. After the Pontus Emperor Mithridates lost a series of battles with the Roman Empire, he came under Roman rule in Trabzon as well as Anatolia.

Roman and Byzantine
Trabzon, which did not support Mithridates in its struggle against Pompeius, was awarded in the Roman period and gained free city status. Arrian himself came to the city and stated that Trapezus was the most important port city in the Southern Black Sea during the Roman period. The city was restored during the reign of Roman Emperor Hadrianus and became the capital of Pontus Cappadocia during Trajan and a new harbor was built. It was looted by the Goths, a Germanic tribe during the reign of Gallienus, and repaired during the reign of Justinian I, but the city could not return to its former glory. In the 6th century, Byzantine battles with the Sassanids and in the 7th century the city gained importance due to Arab raids. Later it became the main city of the newly established Haldia region. It was the capital of the Trabzon Empire founded by the Komnenos family in 1024 during the Latin occupation of Istanbul.

Trabzon Empire

Alexios from the Komnenos Dynasty came to Trabzon due to the Latin occupation and declared himself Roman Emperor with the support of his aunt Georgian Queen Tamar, but the West underestimated the Emperor of Vatican in Trabzon and defined him as "Laz ruler". Although the Emperors of Trabzon initially used the double-headed (aetos) figure as the other Byzantine (Eastern Roman) emperors, the relief of the Trabzon Hagia Sophia Museum is now on the entrance door of the Hagia Sophia Museum. they preferred a single-headed eagle symbol. This rich harbor city, which maintains its balance policy with the Genoese and Venetians, Mongols and Ottomans, and even with various Turkmen (Akkoyunlu tribe federation) clans, has survived eight years after the conquest of Istanbul. and Crimea, the strategic key of the Silk Road was brought under Ottoman rule.

Ottoman Empire
After Bayezid I conquered Samsun in 1398, the Kingdom of Trabzon was forced to pay annual taxes to the Ottoman Empire. During the reign of David Komnenos (1458-1461), he stopped paying taxes and demanded back what he had already paid through the Sultan of the Akkoyunlu State, Uzun Hasan, and proposed an alliance against the Ottomans against the great states in Europe. Consequently, Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror departed from Edirne on March 23, 1461 and surrendered to the sea for a while.

Trabzon under Ottoman rule was turned into a starboard. The ensign, which was administered as a detachment for a while, was later attached to the State of Rum. Due to the fact that the center of the starboard is Trabzon, the city was named after the starboard. After the Ottoman rule, some of the people living in the city were sent to Istanbul, Edirne and other cities, while Chepni and other Turkmen communities were settled in Trabzon.

In 1470, the Sanjak Principality was given to Prince Abdullah at a young age; Abdullah lived with his mother Şirin Hatun in Trabzon until 1479. During the prince of Yavuz Sultan Selim (1491-1512) was found in Trabzon as the governor of Sancak, his son Sultan Suleiman who was later to receive the title of Suleiman was born here.

The banner of Trabzon was transformed into a state in 1582 by combining it with the Lazistan Sanjak, the center of Batumi, and became the center of this new administrative unit in Trabzon.
Trabzon, during the Ottoman period, both East Anatolia and Iran, and as a port city where the Spice road to the West has maintained its strategic importance, moreover, Iran and the Caucasus was used as a military base point. The records of 1486 Muslim people living in the city; It is stated that it consists of 201 households who were exiled from various Anatolian cities and fifty-six households who settled into the city of their own accord. According to the same records of people living in the city; 65.16% were Greeks, 19.22% were Muslims, 12.49% were Armenians and 3.13% were Latinos composed of Genoese and Venetians. In addition, there were 400 janissaries, 203 castle guards and administrators and people in the retinue.

While the Muslim population of the city decreased in 1523, approximately 14.3% of the city was estimated to have 7000 inhabitants. In the 1553 registrations, while the population of the city decreased (6100), Muslims accounted for 47% of the population as a result of the high increase in the Muslim population. It is estimated that 10,500 people lived in 1583 inhabitants. 53.6% were Muslim, 32.5% Greek, 5.8% Armenian and the rest were Catholic subjects.

Celali uprisings, robber tribes such as Kazancık congregation, corrupt sancakbeyler, beylerbeys who use the region as barley (Ahmet Pasha, 1603), 1624, 1625, 1631, the Kazakh raid and 18th and 19th century Rize'li Tuzcuoğlu Memiş Ağa and Sürmene ' The rebellions of local feudal lords, such as Deli Ahmet Aga, who came from the moonlight, were important events of this period. Tuzcuoğulları, supported by other local ayans, seized the city on August 18, 1816, and the city was subjected to looting and destruction.

The Caucasus-Russian war in the North Caucasus between 1859 and 1864 resulted in the defeat of the Circassian and Abkhazian peoples, leading to the masses of immigrants. According to the reports of the period, 180.000 immigrants came to the port of Trabzon only between November 1863 and July 1864. Migration, which naturally turned into a disaster, led to epidemics, hunger and social cohesion. Within a very short time, the harbors of Trabzon and Akçakale and the surrounding settlements turned into reservations. During this period, fearing epidemics, the local people fleeing to the highlands, and there were only new immigrants and state officials who could not escape.

In 1867, a big fire broke out in Trabzon, many public buildings were burned and the city was reorganized. It became a province in 1868 and besides the central banner, the flags of Lazistan, Gumushane and Canik were also attached here.
During the First World War, the Russians attacked Trabzon (April 14, 1916).

The Turkish army evacuated the Russian army into the city on April 18 and Trabzon remained under Russian rule until February 24, 1918.

Following the collapse of the Tsarist Administration after the ş Bolshevik Revolution ’in Russia in 1917, the Russian army withdrew from Trabzon. On the other hand, the Turkish paramilitary forces, which shifted from west to east and gathered in Montenegro, descend to Akçaabat and march towards Trabzon on three branches under the command of Captain Kahraman and enter Trabzon on February 24, 1918. After these events, Greeks and Armenians, who make up a small portion of the population in Trabzon, were expelled from the city.

During the First World War, the Christian Greek population of the city, which was occupied by the Russian navy for 17 ships and occupied by the Russian occupation in 1916-1918, was sent to Greece by exchange after the end of the war. Trabzon, a lively commercial city, was actively engaged in politics, consisting of well-established Greek and Muslim families. The newspaper İstikbal, owned by Barutçuzade Faik Ahmet Bey, was the most important source of news that the local capital and intellectuals had announced to the public. When the establishment of a Pontus State in the region after the Armistice of Mondros and even as a project to find more support was given to Armenia to be established as a port city, Trabzon people were established on 12 February 1919 by establishing the Trabzon Conservation-National Law Society. they decided to fight for the preservation of loyalty. There were some problems regarding the presidential election and the quality of the congress between the Trabzon delegation and the organizers of the congress. When the differences of opinion deepened, the members of the delegation from Trabzon did not attend the Sivas Congress. Sultanate pro Trabzon governor Galip Bey's arrest and Turkey Communist Party chairman Mustafa Subhi and 18 friends of Trabzon, the boatman of the head of the housekeeper Yahya by 28 to 29 January 1921 murder of Republic period before the recent events one.

According to the 1831 Ottoman census, Trabzon had 6,300 males in the central accident, 19,512 in Vakfıkebir, 8,432 in Polathane, 6,775 in Yümerek (Yomra), 1,910 in Tonya, 12,985 in Surmene, and 18,940 in Of. 86,327 men were alive. According to the 1903 Trabzon Province Yearbook, it was seen that 972,981 people lived in Islam, 185,784 Greek Orthodox, 50,233 Armenian Gregorian, 1,506 Catholic and 1,140 Protestant people.

Republic of Turkey
After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the Turkish state and new friends who have established the Republic of Turkey and Trabzon in the new administrative structure of the new country, "sixty-one (61)" it has taken its place as the No. provinces.

The boundaries of the province in the Republican period were not drawn with a cultural and historical thought, but rather based on the distances to administrative structures and centers.

The Republic of Turkey, one of 81 provinces of Trabzon, located in the eastern Black Sea region of 4,685 km2 surface area and constitutes 0.6% of the country's territory.
After the proclamation of the Republic, various factories were established in Trabzon.

Atatürk came to Trabzon three times during the Republic; In 1924, 1930 and 1937, when they first arrived on September 15, 1924, the people of Trabzon accepted it as Gün Atatürk's Day ve and informed him with a wire.

Kent, newly established in 1923, has taken its place as the 61 provincial capital of the Republic of Turkey, the first public library and the Agricultural Bank in 1926, 1929 Visere Hydroelectric plant in 1938 Trabzon drinking water facilities, 1942 Trabzon High School, 1947 Trabzon Numune Hospital, 1949 Chest Diseases Hospital, 1954 port of Trabzon, 1957 Trabzon Airport, SSK Hospital in 1958, 1964, Hagia Sophia museum, 1967, the cement plant açılmş in 1976 Trabzonspor soccer team of Turkey 1. Became the first football team to manage to move this title from Istanbul to Anatolia by winning the league title.

In 1949, with the implementation of the 5442 numbered Provincial Administration Law, 28 thousand out of 78 thousand settlements in Anatolia were changed on the grounds that the name was not Turkish and Trabzon village names, most of which were Romeika, were changed and Turkish names were replaced.

Issued in 2012 6360 was established by Law No. Trabzon boundaries of metropolitan municipalities with provincial and territorial boundaries after the 2014 local elections, Turkey began to metropolitan municipalities work