Iğdır Tourist Map With Attractions Visiting Places

The science of origin

Oghuz Khan was a member of the Üçoklar branch of Inner Oghuzes, the twenty-first of the twenty-four Oghuz tribes. The name of the city comes from Igdir Bey, the eldest son of Deniz Han, one of the six sons of Oguz Khan.

The meaning of Igdir is good, big, great, famous and owner. The locals pronounce Iğdır as İydir.

history

Archeological studies in Iğdır show that life started in the region long ago and the region was home to many civilizations.

Pre-Islamic period

After the settlements of today's Azerbaijan Sürmeli Pit and Hurriyet settled in Eastern Anatolia in 5000-4000 BC; It is known that tribes such as Mittanians, Hittites, Assyrians, Cimmerians, Medes, Persians, Sumerians and Subailers came from Central Asia and settled in the region.

One of the small principalities established by the Urartian Kingdom, which held the entire Eastern Anatolia Region under the royal center of Van between 900 and 600 BC, is Karakale, known as Sürmeli. The nomads from Arsak, who were Bulgarian Turks in 149, defeated the Sakas and made Karakale a royal center. Until the year of 224, the Urartians frequently changed hands, and the Roman people in the regions that were under the sovereignty of Arsacids accepted the sovereignty of Arsacids. Urartian rule came to an end with the arrival of Saka Turks living in Iğdır and its environs in 660 on horseback nomads. The Sassanids, who reigned in Iran and Eastern Anatolia between 226 and 651, held Iğdır and its environs until 645. Although the region was under the sovereignty of the Byzantines for 2 years, the Muslims recaptured the region.

The period of Islam (646-1071)

In 638, Caliph Omar began to spread Islam in the region. When the great Byzantine army was defeated in 645 during the reign of Caliph Osman, Aras tribes passed into the hands of Muslims. The Arab and Turkish governors were sent alternately to the head of the Sürmeli and Sahat Pits (Revan and Iğdır), which were converted into provinces. During the Abbasid period, only the Turkish governors began to rule the region.

The Seljuk period (1071-1239)

After the Pasinler War in 1048, the Seljuks settled in Igdir and its environs. After the Battle of Manzikert by Sultan Alparslan in 1071 with the Byzantine Empire, Iğdır and its environs came under Seljuk rule. The region remained mostly under the direction of Kayı. When the Mongol invasion started in 1239, Kayılar left the Sürmeli Pit and emigrated to the west and established the Ottoman Principality.

The period of Karakoyunlu (1404-1469)

Karakoyunlu ruler Kara Yusuf defeated the Chagatai army around Nakhchivan and entered the Sürmeli pit. The Karakoyunlu Turks started to settle in the villages of Igdir and Revan. In 1420 I was subjected to the province of Revan as a district of Igdir. Karakoyunlu, 65 years in the pits of Surmeli and Serhat reigned.

The period of Akkoyunlu State (1469-1502)

Moving the capital from Diyarbakir (Amid) to Tabriz, the Akkoyunlu people approached the Aras neck and Georgia. In 1469, Akkoyunlu ruler Uzun Hasan entered the Sürmeli Pit (Iğdır Plain) and the Sahat Pit (Revan Plain). Thereupon Karakoyunlu, immigrated to Horasan. Uzun Hasan took a rest here for a while. Age of Akkoyunlu State; With the opening of large canals for irrigation and increasing the vineyards and gardens, it became the brightest and most efficient age of Igdir.

The Safavid period (1502-1514, 1551-1554, 1555-1578, 1604-1635, 1639-1724, 1735-1736)

In 1500, Akvoyunlu Elvend Khan started to recruit young people, especially from Revan, Igdir and Karakoyunlu, to train them to strengthen the Akkoyunlu army. Elvend Khan, who started a war against the Safavid ruler Shah Ismail in 1502, met him around Sharur. That year, Shah Ismail, who won the war, gave this area to Sevinduk Khan to heal.

The period of the Ottomans (1514-1551, 1554-1555, 1578-1604, 1635-1639, 1724-1735)

Yavuz Sultan Selim, who waged war against the Safavids as soon as he sat on the Ottoman throne, added the lands to Tabriz, including the Sürmeli Çukuru, on August 22, 1514 with the Battle of Çaldıran. However, the region began to change hands after Yavuz Sultan Selim. Especially in 1551 Shah Tahmasb'ın Iğdır'a Kanuni Sultan Süleyman entered, due to the eastern expedition. He took control of Sürmeli Pit and entered Revan Castle on 17 July 1554.

Amasya Treaty signed in 1555 by Shah Tahmasp I; He accepted the sovereignty of the Ottomans around Kars, Igdir, Revan (Yerevan) and Tabriz. 23 years later, the treaty broke down, and the Safavids came back here. After the Battle of Çıldır Square in 1578, Aras came back into the hands of the Ottomans and they came out of the hands of the Ottomans again after the attack of Shah Abbas in 1604. It was recaptured by Murat and remained under Ottoman rule until May 17, 1639 until the Treaty of Kasr-ı Şirin. With this treaty, while establishing a border between the two countries, Revan and its environs in the Sahat Pit were under the Safavid rule. In the years following this date, after a severe earthquake that destroyed the cities in the region, the city of Iğdır was founded in 1664 at its present location. While the Ottoman Empire lived during the Tulip Era between 1718 and 1730, there were bloody sectarian clashes between Sunni Afghans and Shiite Safavids in Iran. Taking advantage of this turmoil, the Ottomans, who wanted to seize Revan, took Revan and its surroundings under sovereignty on 3 October 1724. The Safavid State, which recovered, started a war against the Ottomans and reclaimed Igdir and its environs on 4 September 1746 with Kerden Treaty. One year after this peace, Nadir Shah was killed and independent khanates were established around Aras tribes.

The period of the Revan Khanate (1747–1828)

Iğdır and its environs were within the borders of Revan Khanate, which was the most powerful of the khanates established in Aras tribes in 1747. During the period of this khanate, the welfare of the people around Iğdır increased. The region, which developed in agriculture and animal husbandry in summer, developed especially in social life in winter. Russia, following an expansionist policy in the early 19th century, entered into violent clashes with the Revan Khanate, which reigned in Revan, Igdir and Nakhichevan starting from 1826, and the last ruler of the khanate, who could not resist the powerful Russian army, was Hüseyin Ali Khan on 1 October 1827. On February 22, 1828, he handed over the entire khanate to the Russians.

The Russian period (the banner of the Sociable) (1828–1917)

Russia, who wanted to take over the region, supported the settlement of the Armenians here and changed the name of the city where Revan settled the Armenians to Yerevan. The Armenians established new Armenian villages on the territory of the Revan Khanate.

The uprising in Russia in 1905, Tsar II. He forced Nikolai to declare the constitutional rule. Two deputies (Ali Ekber Tufan and Ali Mirza Bey) went to the Assembly from Iğdır. Although World War I began in 1914 with Enver Pasha's army of 100,000, no progress was made due to the Sarıkamış disaster. The Russian Revolution that broke out in 1917 created an authority gap in and around Igdir. Because of this gap, the Turks and Armenians agreed to establish the Iğdır Executive Committee on May 10, 1917, consisting of 5 Armenians and 5 Turks, headed by Ali Ekber Tufan. The Armenians resigned from the committee due to the disagreements that arose after the Armenians attacked Baku in March 1918. The government mansion moved from the center of Igdir to Melekli The needs of the government moved to Melekli, which was a town in Iğdır at the moment, but from the village of Kaçardoğanşalı Abbasoğlu Süleyman and Iğdırmavalı Meşedi Trader Abbas Vurgun was meeting. The capital was declared as the National Republic of Iğdır by the Ottoman State and the Bolshevik Republic. recognized by the Mavera-i Caucasus Republic (SEYM) Assembly. For this reason, Iğdır Republic has been the 'Independent First Turkish Republic'.

Iğdır, Melekli, who cooperated with the increase of attacks of Armenian militias; An army consisting of Karakoyunlu, Aralık and Zengibasar was established. Ali Akbar Tufan, who participated in the secret Tbilisi Turkish Congress in the name of arming the Turkic Peoples in the Caucasus, stated the concerns of genocide on the people of Igdir and delivered the weapons supplied to Iğdır with the help of Mehmed Emin Resulzade. He was teaching a manga in which he was sent to Şehit Çankırılı Mehmet Çavuş.

The first serious attack of the Armenian militias led by Drastamat Kanayan began in December 1919. Upon this, Abbas Kulu Bey from Vedibasar, Şamil Ayrım 300 from Tuzluca, Merdanoğlu Kurban Ali, Meşhedi Bilal Toksöz, Ali Abuzeroğlu, Gani Hacı Muharremoğlu, Settar Hasanoğlu 100 , Muhtar Bey (from Amarat) 200, Tribal Forces Hamid Gunes 300 from Mount Ararat 300 Ali Haci Mirza Bey 300, Haji Mirza Bey 150 horsemen as 1,500 auxiliary forces from Nakhichevan Kelbi Ali Khan army of 3000 people began to clash with the Armenians .

In July 1919, the Armenians attacked Melekli. The Iğdır people force resisted the Armenian militias and forced them to retreat to their positions in Taşburun. On August 5, 1919, with the support of the tribes around Mount Ararat, the Armenian forces around Taşburun were defeated and crossed across the Aras River.

On January 17, 1919, the Republic of Cenubi Garbi Caucasus Government was established in Kars. Only a short time later, the 12,000 Anzac military government under British control raided and deported to Malta, except for the two killed.

The General Staff of James Harbord, who came to observe under the name of Wilson Principles, was visited by Ali Akbar Tufan to show the painful memories of the savagery performed by Armenian gangs systematically and presented to General Harbord. where I see Armenian 'has submitted its report and thus the Turkish people the will avoid the danger temporary border oluşturulmuştur.ayrı by this report great importance on staying in Igdir in Turkey borders the Treaty of Lausanne etmiştir.fakat then coming to the area' Peacekeepers' name under 6,000 British It was not expected that his soldiers would hand over the weapons and ammunition to the Armenian Army.

According to some historians, human rights violations have been intense in Igdir people during these attacks. However, according to some Armenian sources, the opposite happened. As a citizen of the Ottoman Empire, Andranik Ozanyan, who participated in the battles against the Ottoman Empire in the Bulgarian and Russian armies, provoked and rebelled against the Armenian revolts in the Eastern Anatolia Region, explains:

“" What is the happiest day of your life? " they asked. In response, I remembered a clash with a small group of Armenian men and women against the prominent Turkish attackers in Gomer Village of Western Armenia under my rule. "

II. Command of the Caucasus Corps III. In the message sent to the Army Command on 16 May 1916, the situation was stated as follows: Armenian gangs killed more than 800 Muslims in Iğdır in April 1918 only. On 21 August 1919, the 12th Army Commander Osman Nuri's 15th Corps Commander na in the report; He stated that the Armenians had withdrawn the Christians from the area where they were going to attack with an excuse and that they were preparing to enter the villages around Iğdır and Tuzluca (formerly Kulp) suddenly. In another report dated 5 July 1920, 25.000 of the number of Muslims killed in Kars and Iğdır since 1918. It has been recorded.

In July 1919, the Armenians attacked Melekli. The Iğdır people force resisted the Armenian militias and forced them to retreat to their positions in Taşburun. On August 5, 1919, with the support of the tribes around Mount Ararat, the Armenian forces around Taşburun were defeated and crossed across the Aras River. In November 1919, the British and Russian troops by providing weapons again Iğdır Armenian troops marching on Igdir and the capital Melekli'yı had taken under the protection of food and ammunition, the population of Eastern Beyazit, Polatlı'ya not be able to resist the rumor that the Turkish Division will move. (Karaköse), accompanied by militia forces moved. The people around Gödekli set out for Erzurum. Around 3,000 civilians in Melekli, who were supported by East Beyazıt, supported the Celali Tribe Chief Broki Hesso Telli (İbrahim Ağa) and rescued the troops in Doğu Beyazıt. , Makü, Sengerköy and Kishmiştepe regions were set up to spend the winter months.

In the spring of 1920, the people who could not resist the persecution of the indigenous people in Iran returned to camp in Erhacı, repelled the Armenian troops who attacked in the spring of 1920 and then returned to Iğdır with the TGNA Army.