Erzincan Tourist Map With Attractions Visiting Places







Erzincan Tourist Map With Attractions Visiting Places



Erzincan is the central district of Erzincan in Eastern Anatolia in Turkey. The city has been the capital of Mengücekli people in history.

history
The First Age and Hittites Period

Although there is no precise information about the ancient history of Erzincan, historians report that the Hurris lived in this region for the second millennium, and that the Hayasi and Azzis ruled in the first half of the second millennium. Between 1600 and 1180 BC, the Hittites established Hattusas as a center of empire and under the rule of the Hittites in Erzincan. During the excavations carried out in various parts of Anatolia, various works belonging to the Hittites were unearthed. Although no Hittites settlement was found in Erzincan and its region, it is thought that this region was under Hittite rule.

Urartian period

One of the ancient states established in Eastern Anatolia was the Urartians. Founded in 900 BC, this state made Tuspa (Van) the capital and extended its borders from the Caspian Sea to Malatya, from Erzurum and Erzincan in the north to Aleppo and Mosul in the south. Again in the excavations carried out in Altıntepe near Erzincan in 1953, many artifacts belonging to the Urartians were unearthed and it was proved that this region was under Urartian rule. The Urartian cities, which were subjected to various attacks, were destroyed one by one and destroyed during the Medler's invasion of Anatolia in 600 BC. Erzincan and its region passed into the hands of the Med (612 BC), who started invading Anatolia by defeating the Urartians. The wars against the Lydians during the Kyaksar period of the Med Empire are thought to have taken place in Erzincan and its vicinity. These regions BC. It was passed into the hands of the Persians in 550.

Persian period

When the Hittites invaded Anatolia, the Persians captured the Iranian plateau. The rise of the Persians coincided with the periods of Ciroz (550-530) and Kampis (530-520). During this period, Erzincan and its surroundings passed into the hands of the Persians. After the Persians, Anatolia passed into the hands of the Macendonians. The Roman army began to conquer the Eastern Anatolia Region in 70 BC and after defeating the Harput Kingdom in the Elazig region, it defeated the Tigran Army. In the meantime (68 BC) Pontus people in the region of Erzincan Roman rule has ended. Erzincan and its region, the scene of constant wars between Iran and Byzantium, were finally taken back from Iran, which was defeated by the Byzantine emperor Herakleios in 629.

Between 644-656 in the time of Caliph Osman bin Affan Habib bin Mesleme seized Erzincan and its region in 35/655, this region was completely under the rule of Muslims. During the Abbasid period, Erzincan and its region were subjected to various attacks. Caliph Mutawekkil Alallah (847-861) in the period of Malatya Governor Omar bin Abdullah, Arapgir, Egin, Kemah, Erzincan and Trabzon took the city back in 859 from the Byzantines. Thus, Erzincan was again dominated by the Arabs.

Turkish domination

Turkish domination in Anatolia began with the acquisition of Anatolia by the Turks after the Battle of Malazgirt, and when the Battle of Malazgirt was won, he appointed Mengücek Ahmet Gazi, one of the commanders of the conquest of the valleys of the Alparslan, Karasu and Çatlı rivers. Erzincan, Kemah, Divrigi and Sebinkarahisar regions dominated by Ahmet Gazi, made Kemah center. Upon the death of Ahmet Gazi in 1114, his son İshak Bey succeeded him. Ishak Bey, who ruled this principality for a long time, was replaced by Melih Mahmut upon his death. When İshak Bey's sons did not recognize the reign of Melih Mahmut, the Mengüçlü Principality was disintegrated. Kemah fell to Melih Mahmut, Erzincan, Davut Şah, and Divriği to Süleyman Şah. After the death of David Shah in 1151, Suleyman Shah owned Erzincan for 13 years; When David Shahr's son Fahrettin Behramshah sat on his father's throne in 1165, the Mengüçlü Principality was strengthened again. Fahrettin Behram Shah, being the son-in-law of Kılıçarslan, developed the relations between Mengücek and the Anatolian Seljuk State.

During the time of Behram Shah, Erzincan trade and industry developed. Due to earthquakes and disasters, the artifacts of that period have not survived. Upon the death of Behram Shah in 1225, his son David Shah succeeded him. In 1228, Seljuk Sultan Alaaddin Keykubat occupied Erzincan and Kemah and ended the Mengüçlü Principality. Alaaddin Keykubat and the Harezmşahlar ruler Celalettin Harzem Shah near Erzincan in 1230 was the battle of the Flat Flat Fenem and Celalettin Harzem Shah was defeated, the ruling of the region Alaattin Keykubat in 1237 on the death of his son II. Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev passed. In his time the state was invaded by the Mongols. The Mongols who occupied Erzurum in 1240 passed Erzincan and defeated the Anatolian Seljuk State in the Battle of Kösedağ in 1243. Thus, Erzincan and the region passed into the hands of the İlhanlılar. İlhanlılar ruled the region, including Erzincan, with the gentlemen. At one point, the sheikh of Çobanoğulları, Little Sheikh Hasan added Erzincan and its region to his principality, but in 1338, with the help of the Mamluk Sultan Nasreddin Muhammed, Erzincan and its region were taken back from Little Sheikh Hasan. Erzincan changed hands during this period. After Alaeddin Eretna died in 1352, his son Gıyasettin Mehmet was succeeded. At the end of the disputes, Erzincan was left to Burak Bey independently. Ahi Ayna Bey, Pir Hüseyin and Mutahhareten Bey took over the management. During the period of consensus, Kadı Burhanettin attacked Erzincan and its region several times. These attacks were avoided with the help of the ruler of Akkoyunlu Kutlu Bey.

The order of Erzincan Emir Mutahhareten to Timur had angered the Ottoman Sultan Yıldırım Beyazıt. Upon this incident, Beyazıt besieged Erzincan in 1401. But soon after the outbreak of the Battle of Ankara, the region was re-ruled by Timur in 1402. II. Until the reign of Mehmet the Ottomans were not effective. In 1419, during the reign of Mehmet I, Karakoyunlu bey Kara Yusuf conquered Erzincan and appointed Pir Ömer as governor.


The period of the Ottoman Empire

Akkoyunlu ruler Uzun Hasan took Erzincan in 1455. He rebuilt the castle. The region remained in the hands of Akkoyunlar until the Otlukbeli War between Fatih Sultan Mehmet and Uzun Hasan (11 August 1473). After this war, it was under the control of the Ottomans. Shah Ismail, who passed to Safavid throne in 1502, made Erzincan headquarters. When Yavuz Sultan Selim told the Safavids who wanted to take Anatolia into the hands of Caldiran Battle on August 23, 1514, Erzincan again passed under the rule of the Ottomans. Suleiman the Magnificent also visited Tabriz Expedition in 1534 and Erzincan during the Iran Expedition in 1540.

Republican period
Erzincan Soviet

At the beginning of World War I, the territories of Erzincan, Sivas and Trabzon, which were Ottoman lands, were taken under the protection of the Tsarist Russia army as the war continued. These regions, which were Russian territory during the February Revolution that took place during the war, were similarly affected by the events that took place in other parts of Russia. The Bolshevik soldiers arrested their officers, revolted, and established soviet administrations. One of these is the Erzincan Soviet government, founded by Bolshevik soldiers in Erzincan, the territory of Russia during the war.

With the military, political, and economic support of the Bolsheviks, the Soviet government soon became a real power. First, a collective production farm was created, similar to the Kolkhoz in the Soviet Union. Then intelligence and military organization and police organization was established. The fiscal law was enacted and the taxes were determined to be paid to the Soviets, not to the Istanbul government. Land law was enacted and land was distributed to landless peasants. It was dissolved in 1921 as a result of the intervention of the National Forces. Some sources indicate that it was destroyed by the Ottoman Army.

Postwar

The city was occupied by the Russians on 11 July 1916 as a result of the Battle of Erzincan between the Ottoman Empire and Russia during World War I, and they formed armed units in separatist Armenians who knew this opportunity. The Erzincan Armistice with the Government of the USSR on December 18, 1917 and the Russian troops withdrew from the region on January 11, 1918, but the Armenian gangs caused many bloody incidents. The military units under the command of Kazim Karabekir rescued Erzincan on 13 February 1918 and Tercan on 22 February 1918 from Armenian armed organizations. During the War of Independence and the first years of the active republic, the people of Erzincan fought alongside Atatürk and his comrades in arms.

It is rumored that the name of the city comes from the words Eriza or Aziriz, first Erziric and then it was transformed into Erzincan as expressed today. Founded in 1923 in Erzincan, a city of the Republic of Turkey, known as the earthquake have been exposed to severe earthquake in Erzincan in 1939, there was a great destruction in the city, tens of thousands lost their lives. The city was rebuilt after the earthquake.


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