Information About Arslantepe Ruins
Arslantepe open-air museum or ruins, Malatya 7 km. It is an archaeological settlement. It is one of the largest mounds in Turkey. The mound lies west of the Karakaya Dam Lake on the Euphrates. The mound, which is thirty meters high, was inhabited from 5,000 BC to the 11th century AD. The region was used as a Roman village in the 5th and 6th centuries AD and later as a Byzantine necropolis. The settlement area measures 200 x 120 meters.
Excavations
Excavations in the region were initiated by a French team under the direction of Louis Delaporte in 1932, and in 1933, especially in the Late Hittite period. The purpose of excavation in the region was to reach the capital of one of the kingdoms established in the region following the collapse of the Hittite Empire. Two lions and a king statue are exhibited in the Ankara Museum of Anatolian Civilizations. Although several deep wells were drilled later, the main regular excavations were started in 1961 by a group of the La Sapienza University of Rome. Excavations were conducted under the direction of Alba Palmieri until 1970s. The excavations are still coordinated by Marcella Frangipane.
Results
Excavations yielded a temple from 3,600-3,500 BC, a palace from 3,300-3,000 BC, numerous seals and skillfully built metal items. All these finds show that the settlement at that time was an aristocratic political, religious and cultural center. Other than the works exhibited in the Ankara Anatolian Civilizations Museum, the finds are exhibited in the Arslantepe Open Air Museum. The seals are remarkable in terms of showing that the settlement is a commercial center.
During the settlement period, the settlement had plenty of water resources but remained outside the Euphrates flood area. In this way, the settlement, which had very suitable land for agriculture, was managed by a local ruling class. This ruling class held political, economic and religious power. As such, it is the first city-state in Anatolia.
At the end of the 4th millennium BC, a large urban area with mudbrick monumental structures spread over the south-west slope of the mound. The large number of seals in these monumental buildings shows that this complex is an administrative center. Seals were probably used during the storage and transport of various goods, and the building complex is thus viewed as a palace economy center.
In the palace complex, arsenic copper alloy, silver inlaid cutter-piercing weapons were found. The grave, which is located near the palace and dated to 2,900 BC, is thought to be a king's grave. Valuable dead gifts were found in the grave and four young human bodies were found on the stone cover that closed the grave.
Late Uruk Period (after 3,400-3,200 BC, it is understood that there were extensive fires in the settlement. Following this, the cultural influences of Eastern Anatolia-Transcaucasia were dominant in the city where people from different cultures settled. The pottery and settlement order obtained from the archaeological studies indicate this. small nomadic communities.
History
Between 2,700 and 2,500 BC, the city developed a unique cultural structure by breaking away from the Syrian-Mesopotamian culture. From 2,000 BC onwards, the city fell under the influence of the expanding Hittite Empire. It was used as a base during the expedition organized by the Hittite King Shuppiluliuma to Washukanni, the capital of Mittani. Kammanu, one of the Late Hittite kingdoms established after the collapse of the Hittite Empire, became the capital.
The region was forced to pay tribute to the state after the assault of Tiglat-Pileser I, the ruler of the Assyrian Empire. It was until 712 BC, when it was seized and looted by Sargon. It was not inhabited from this date until the 5th century AD.
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27/07/2019 
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